{"id":566,"date":"2026-01-02T20:15:39","date_gmt":"2026-01-02T20:15:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ijsp.eu\/?p=566"},"modified":"2026-02-17T15:12:48","modified_gmt":"2026-02-17T15:12:48","slug":"4-addressing-the-variability-in-training-quality-and-advancing-psychotherapist-development-through-competency-based-clinical-supervision","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ijsp.eu\/index.php\/2026\/01\/02\/4-addressing-the-variability-in-training-quality-and-advancing-psychotherapist-development-through-competency-based-clinical-supervision\/","title":{"rendered":"IJSP 7.4"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;-70px||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/ijsp.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/psyntegra_blues-IPCS-mic.png&#8221; title_text=&#8221;psyntegra_blues-IPCS-mic&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; width=&#8221;50%&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"color: #139fc2;\">International Journal of Supervision in Psychotherapy<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Volume: 7, 2025<br \/>\nNumber of articles: 5<br \/>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; width=&#8221;auto&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_post_nav _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_post_nav][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||0px||false|false&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">4. ADDRESSING THE VARIABILITY IN TRAINING QUALITY AND ADVANCING PSYCHOTHERAPIST DEVELOPMENT THROUGH COMPETENCY-BASED CLINICAL SUPERVISION<\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_post_title title=&#8221;off&#8221; author=&#8221;off&#8221; date=&#8221;off&#8221; comments=&#8221;off&#8221; featured_image=&#8221;off&#8221; module_id=&#8221;post_title&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_post_title][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; width=&#8221;auto&#8221; min_height=&#8221;70px&#8221; height=&#8221;70px&#8221; max_height=&#8221;70px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;-40px||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;Pages 67-75&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; body_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; body_text_color=&#8221;#0C71C3&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;6px|||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]Received: 12.03.2025; Accepted: 22.03.2025; Published: 15.05.2025<br \/>\n[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_4,1_2,1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; sticky_position=&#8221;top&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_button button_url=&#8221;#post_title&#8221; button_text=&#8221;Title &#038; authors&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;Title &#038; Authors&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_button=&#8221;on&#8221; button_border_width=&#8221;0px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_button][et_pb_button button_url=&#8221;#keywords&#8221; button_text=&#8221;Keywords&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;Keywords&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_button=&#8221;on&#8221; button_border_width=&#8221;0px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_button][et_pb_button button_url=&#8221;#abstract-blurb&#8221; button_text=&#8221;Abstract&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;Abstract&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_button=&#8221;on&#8221; button_border_width=&#8221;0px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_button][et_pb_button button_url=&#8221;#references&#8221; button_text=&#8221;References&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;References&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_button=&#8221;on&#8221; button_border_width=&#8221;0px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;Abstract&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;Abstract-blurb&#8221; module_id=&#8221;abstract-blurb&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0 \u00a0Clinical supervision is the cornerstone of professional development in the mental health field (Falender &amp; Shafranske, 2004, 2021). It is \u201ca critical if not the most critical facet of the psychotherapy training endeavor\u201d (Watkins, 1997, p. 9). Supervision ensures the quality of care and the welfare of clients, facilitates the trainee\u2019s emerging clinical competence and professionalism, and safeguards the public and profession by serving as a gatekeeper (Shafranske &amp; Falender, 2016). The supervisory relationship provides a context for developing clinical competence, enhancing self-awareness, supporting metacompetence, and establishing the supervisee\u2019s emerging professional identity. In that regard, supervision has been found to have salutary effects on the supervisee (Knox &amp; Hill, 2021). However, variability exists in the quality of supervision provided. Regretfully, inadequate and harmful supervision occurs, compromising the supervisory relationship and negatively impacting patient care as well as the supervisee\u2019s professional development (Falender &amp; Shafranske, 2021). In this article, we discuss the role of clinical supervision during the initial training phase and throughout the ongoing development of the psychotherapist. We emphasize the benefits of implementing a competency-based approach by highlighting essential principles. Also, we suggest that supervision quality contributes to either the supervisee\u2019s experience of clinical work as a healthy involvement or may accentuate personal and professional stress and exacerbate difficulties in psychotherapy practice.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;Keywords&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;Keywords&#8221; module_id=&#8221;keywords&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Clinical supervision, Professional development, Psychotherapy training, Professional identity<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;References&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;ReferencesBlurb&#8221; module_id=&#8221;references&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Bang, K., &amp; Goodyear, R. K. (2021). Unsatisfactory supervisory experiences reported by South Korean supervisors: Types, responses, and cultural context. <em>Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy: On the Cutting Edge of Modern Developments in Psychotherapy, 51<\/em>(3), 191\u2013199. <a href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/doi\/10.1007\/s10879-021-09498-4\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10879-021-09498-4<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Dennhag, I., &amp; Ybrandt, H. (2013). Trainee psychotherapists\u2019 development in self-rated professional qualities in training.\u00a0<em>Psychotherapy, 50(2),<\/em> 158\u2013166.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/doi\/10.1037\/a0033045\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0033045<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Ellis, M. V., Berger, L., Hanus, A. E., Ayala, E. E., Swords, B. A., &amp; Siembor, M. (2014). Inadequate and harmful clinical supervision: Testing a revised framework and assessing occurrence. The <em>Counseling Psychologist, 42(4),<\/em> 434\u2013472. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0011000013508656\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0011000013508656<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Ellis, M. V. (2017). Narratives of harmful clinical supervision. <em>Clinical Supervisor, 36(1),<\/em> 20\u201387. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07325223.2017.1297752\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07325223.2017.1297752<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Ellis, M. V., Creaner, M., Hutman, H., &amp; Timulak, L. (2015). A comparative study of clinical supervision in the Republic of Ireland and the United States. <em>Journal of Counseling Psychology, 62(4),<\/em> 621\u2013631. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/cou0000110\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/cou0000110<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Evers, O,. Schr\u00f6der-Pfeifer, P,. M\u00f6ller, H., &amp; Taubner, S. (2019). How do personal and professional characteristics influence the development of psychotherapists in training: Results from a longitudinal study. <em>Research in Psychotherapy, 22(3),<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.%204081\/ripppo.2019.424\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10. 4081\/ripppo.2019.424<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Falender, C. A. (2018). Clinical supervision\u2014the missing ingredient. <em>American Psychologist, 73<\/em>(9), 1240\u20131250. <a href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/doi\/10.1037\/amp0000385\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/amp0000385<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Falender, C. A. &amp; Shafranske, E. P. (2004). <em>Clinical supervision. A competency-based approach<\/em>. Washington, DC:\u00a0 American Psychological Association.<\/li>\n<li>Falender, C. A., &amp; Shafranske, E. P. (2007). Competence in competency-based supervision practice: Construct and application. <em>Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 38(3),<\/em> 232-240.<\/li>\n<li>Falender, C. A., &amp; Shafranske, E. P. (2012). <em>Getting the most out of clinical training and supervision: A guide for practicum students and interns<\/em>. American Psychological Association. <a href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/doi\/10.1037\/13487-000\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/13487-000<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Falender, C. A., &amp; Shafranske, E. P. (2014).\u00a0 Clinical supervision in the era of competence. In W. B. Johnson &amp; N. J. Kaslow (Eds.), <em>Oxford handbook of education &amp; training in professional psychology<\/em> (pp. 292-331). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.<\/li>\n<li>Falender, C. A., &amp; Shafranske, E. P. (2016) Competency-based clinical supervision:\u00a0 State of the art and dynamic global and multicultural tensions. <em>Australian Psychologist, 52(2),<\/em> 86-93.<\/li>\n<li>Falender, C. A., &amp; Shafranske, E. P. (2014). Clinical supervision: The state of the art. <em>Journal of Clinical Psychology, 70(11),<\/em> 1030-1041. doi:10.1002\/jclp.22124<\/li>\n<li>Falender, C. A., &amp; Shafranske, E. P. (2012). The importance of competency-based clinical supervision and training in the twenty-first century: Why bother? <em>Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 42(3),<\/em> 129-137. doi:10.1007\/s10879-011-9198-9<\/li>\n<li>Falender, C. A., &amp; Shafranske, E. P. (2016) Competency-based clinical supervision:\u00a0 State of the art and dynamic global and multicultural tensions. <em>Australian Psychologist, 52(2),<\/em> 86-93.<\/li>\n<li>Falender, C. A., &amp; Shafranske, E. P. (Eds.). (2020). <em>Consultation in psychology: A competency-based approach<\/em>. American Psychological Association. <a href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/doi\/10.1037\/0000153-000\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0000153-000<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Falender, C. A. &amp; Shafranske, E. P. (2021). <em>Clinical supervision. A competency-based approach (2nd Ed.).<\/em> Washington, DC:\u00a0 American Psychological Association. https:\/\/doi.org \/10.1037\/0000243-000<\/li>\n<li>Falender, C. A., &amp; Shafranske, E. P. (2023). Revisiting competence in clinical supervision. <em>International Journal of Clinical Supervision in Psychotherapy, 5<\/em>, 47-58.<\/li>\n<li>Hendricks, S., &amp; Cartwright, D. J. (2018). A cross-sectional survey of South African psychology interns&#8217; perceptions of negative supervision events. <em>South African Journal of Psychology, 48<\/em>(1), 86\u201398. <a href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/doi\/10.1177\/0081246317698858\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0081246317698858<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Heinonen, E., Orlinsky, D. E., Willutzki, U., R\u00f8nnestad, M. H., Schr\u00f6der, T., Messina, I., L\u00f6ffler-Stastka, H., &amp; Hartmann, A. (2022). Psychotherapist trainees&#8217; quality of life: Patterns and correlates.<em>Frontiers in Psychology, 13,<\/em>\u00a0Article 864691.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/doi\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.864691\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.864691<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Hutman, H., Ellis, M. V., Moore, J. A., Roberson, K. L., McNamara, M. L., Peterson, L. P., Taylor, E. J., &amp; Zhou, S. (2023). Supervisees&#8217; Perspectives of Inadequate, Harmful, and Exceptional Clinical Supervision: Are We Listening? <em>The Counseling Psychologist, 51(5),<\/em> 719-755. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00110000231172504\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00110000231172504<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Knox, S., &amp; Hill, C. E. (2021). Training and supervision in psychotherapy: What we know and where we need to go. In M. Barkham, W. Lutz, &amp; L. G. Castonguay (Eds.), <em>Bergin and Garfield&#8217;s handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change: 50th anniversary edition<\/em> (7th ed.), (pp. 327\u2013349). John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc..<\/li>\n<li>Ladany, N., Ellis, M. V., &amp; Friedlander, M. L. (1999). The supervisory working alliance, trainee self-efficacy, and satisfaction. <em>Journal of Counseling and Development, 77(4),<\/em> 447\u2013455. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4064\/sm193-2-5\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4064\/sm193-2-5<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Muran, J. C., &amp; Eubanks, C. F. (2020). <em>Therapist performance under pressure: Negotiating emotion, difference, and rupture.<\/em> American Psychological Association. <a href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/doi\/10.1037\/0000182-000\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0000182-000<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Orlinsky, D. E. (2022). <em>How psychotherapists live: The personal self and private life of professional healers<\/em>. Routledge. <a href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/doi\/10.4324\/9781003217572\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781003217572<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Orlinsky, D. E., Botermans, J.-F., &amp; R\u00f8nnestad, M. H. (2001). Towards an empirically grounded model of psychotherapy training: Four thousand therapists rate influences on their development. <em>Australian Psychologist, 36,<\/em> 139-148.<\/li>\n<li>Orlinsky, D. E., R\u00f8nnestad, M. H., &amp; Collaborative Research Network of the Society for Psychotherapy Research. (2005). <em>How psychotherapists develop: A study of therapeutic work and professional growth<\/em>. American Psychological Association. <a href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/doi\/10.1037\/11157-000\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/11157-000<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Orlinsky, D. E., R\u00f8nnestad, M. H., Willutzki, U., Schr\u00f6der, T. A., Heinonen, E., L\u00f6ffler\u2010Stastka, H., Messina, I., Pirke, J., &amp; Hartmann, A. (2024). Healing involvement and stressful involvement experienced by psychotherapy trainees: Patterns, correlates and perceived development. <em>Counselling &amp; Psychotherapy Research, 24<\/em>, 1442-1453. <a href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/doi\/10.1002\/capr.12788\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/capr.12788<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Rodolfa, E., &amp; Schaffer, J. (2019). Challenges to psychology education and training in the culture of competence. <em>American Psychologist, 74<\/em>(9), 1118\u20131128. <a href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/doi\/10.1037\/amp0000513\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/amp0000513<\/a><\/li>\n<li>R\u00f8nnestad, M. H., Orlinsky, D. E., Schr\u00f6der, T. A., Skovholt, T. M., &amp; Willutzki, U. (2019). The professional development of counsellors and psychotherapists: Implications of empirical studies for supervision, training and practice. <em>Counselling &amp; Psychotherapy Research, 19(3),<\/em> 214\u2013230. doi:10.1002\/capr.12198 DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/capr.12198\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/capr.12198<\/a><\/li>\n<li>R\u00f8nnestad, M. H., Orlinsky, D. E., &amp; Willutzki, U. (2024). Exploring influences of supervision on psychotherapists\u2019 professional development: correlates across career-level cohorts. <em>Counselling Psychology Quarterly<\/em>, 1\u201323. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09515070.2024.2378879\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09515070.2024.2378879<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Safran, J. D., &amp; Muran, J. C. (1996). The resolution of ruptures in the therapeutic alliance. <em>Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64<\/em>(3), 447\u2013458. <a href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/doi\/10.1037\/0022-006X.64.3.447\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-006X.64.3.447<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Safran, J. D., &amp; Muran, J. C. (2000). <em>Negotiating the therapeutic alliance: A relational treatment guide.<\/em> Guilford Press.<\/li>\n<li>Shafranske, E. P., &amp; Falender, C. A., (2016). Clinical supervision. In J. C. Norcross, G. R. VandenBos &amp; D. K. Freedheim (Editors-in-Chief), APA Handbook of Clinical Psychology Volume V: Education and Profession (pp. 175-196). Washington, DC:\u00a0 American Psychological Association.<\/li>\n<li>ten Cate, O. (2005). Entrustability of professional activities and competency-based training. <em>Medical Education, 39<\/em>(12), 1176\u20131177. <a href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-2929.2005.02341.x\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2929.2005.02341.x<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Watkins, C. E., Jr. (1997). Defining psychotherapy supervision and understanding supervisor functioning. In C. E. Watkins, Jr. (Ed.) <em>Handbook of psychotherapy supervision<\/em> (pp. 3-10). John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_blurb title=&#8221;DOI&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;DOI&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]10.47409\/ijsp.2025.7.4<br \/>\n[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_button button_url=&#8221;https:\/\/ijsp.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Paper4.Jurnal-7-2025.pdf&#8221; url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; button_text=&#8221;Download article&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;Download&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.5&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_button=&#8221;on&#8221; button_border_width=&#8221;0px&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>International Journal of Supervision in Psychotherapy Volume: 7, 2025 Number of articles: 5 4. ADDRESSING THE VARIABILITY IN TRAINING QUALITY AND ADVANCING PSYCHOTHERAPIST DEVELOPMENT THROUGH COMPETENCY-BASED CLINICAL SUPERVISION Received: 12.03.2025; Accepted: 22.03.2025; Published: 15.05.2025 \u00a0 \u00a0Clinical supervision is the cornerstone of professional development in the mental health field (Falender &amp; Shafranske, 2004, 2021). It is [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[10,16,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-566","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ijsp-number-7-2025","category-edward-p-shafranske","category-carol-a-falender"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ijsp.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/566","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ijsp.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ijsp.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ijsp.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ijsp.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=566"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/ijsp.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/566\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":830,"href":"https:\/\/ijsp.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/566\/revisions\/830"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ijsp.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=566"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ijsp.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=566"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ijsp.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=566"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}